本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Nat Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02743-4

摘要内容如下：

尽管随着时间的推移，吸烟率逐渐下降，但暴露于二手烟（SHS）继续对非吸烟者造成伤害，这些人中生活在低收入和中等收入国家的儿童和妇女所占比例过高。我们全面回顾了截至2022年7月发表的关于SHS暴露对九种健康结果的不利影响的文献。接下来，我们量化了每个暴露-反应关联，说明了各种不确定性来源，并使用举证责任风险函数方法评估了支持我们分析的证据强度。我们发现所有九种健康结果都与SHS暴露有关。我们保守估计，SHS使缺血性心脏病、中风、2型糖尿病和肺癌的风险分别增加至少约8%、5%、1%和1%，支持这些有害关联的证据被评为弱（两颗星）。支持SHS与中耳炎、哮喘、下呼吸道感染、乳腺癌和慢性阻塞性肺病之间有害联系的证据较弱（一颗星）。尽管这些关联的潜在证据不足，但我们的研究结果强调了SHS对健康的有害影响，以及通过公共卫生政策和教育举措相结合，优先推进减少主动和被动吸烟的努力的必要性。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Despite a gradual decline in smoking rates over time, exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) continues to cause harm to nonsmokers, who are disproportionately children and women living in low- and middle-income countries. We comprehensively reviewed the literature published by July 2022 concerning the adverse impacts of SHS exposure on nine health outcomes. Following, we quantified each exposure-response association accounting for various sources of uncertainty and evaluated the strength of the evidence supporting our analyses using the Burden of Proof Risk Function methodology. We found all nine health outcomes to be associated with SHS exposure. We conservatively estimated that SHS increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and lung cancer by at least around 8%, 5%, 1% and 1%, respectively, with the evidence supporting these harmful associations rated as weak (two stars). The evidence supporting the harmful associations between SHS and otitis media, asthma, lower respiratory infections, breast cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was weaker (one star). Despite the weak underlying evidence for these associations, our results reinforce the harmful effects of SHS on health and the need to prioritize advancing efforts to reduce active and passive smoking through a combination of public health policies and education initiatives.

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