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期刊来源：Nat Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02737-2

摘要内容如下：

药物滥用、肥胖、精神健康问题、1型糖尿病、癌症以及心血管和慢性呼吸系统疾病共占全世界儿童和青少年中与非传染性疾病（NCD）相关的残疾调整生命年的41%。然而，关于这一年龄组的风险因素和干预措施的证据很少。在这里，我们搜索了四个数据库，以生成这些风险因素和非传染性疾病的现有干预措施和研究缺口的证据缺口图。我们在2，611项主要研究中绘制了159篇综述；大多数研究（96.2%）是在高收入国家进行的，只有100项研究（3.8%）来自低收入和中等收入国家。治疗干预对非传染性疾病生物标志物和不良事件的疗效似乎已得到充分证明。对精神健康状况的干预似乎是中度证据，而对肥胖和药物滥用的干预似乎是中度到非常低的证据。未来研究的优先领域包括评估支持初级非传染性疾病预防和管理的数字健康平台，以及评估政策变化对肥胖和药物滥用流行率的影响。我们的研究结果突出了高收入国家和低收入国家之间的巨大差异。迫切需要增加有针对性的融资，以解决低收入国家的研究差距。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Substance misuse, obesity, mental health conditions, type 1 diabetes, cancers, and cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases together account for 41% of disability-adjusted life years linked to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among children and adolescents worldwide. However, the evidence on risk factors and interventions for this age group is scarce. Here we searched four databases to generate an evidence gap map of existing interventions and research gaps for these risk factors and NCDs. We mapped 159 reviews with 2,611 primary studies; most (96.2%) were conducted in high-income countries, and only 100 studies (3.8%) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The efficacy of therapeutic interventions on biomarkers and adverse events for NCDs appears to be well evidenced. Interventions for mental health conditions appear to be moderately evidenced, while interventions for obesity and substance misuse appear to be moderate to very low evidenced. Priority areas for future research include evaluating digital health platforms to support primary NCD prevention and management, and evaluating the impact of policy changes on the prevalence of obesity and substance misuse. Our findings highlight the wide disparity of evidence between high-income countries and LMICs. There is an urgent need for increased, targeted financing to address the research gaps in LMICs.

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