本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：BMJ

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-075681

摘要内容如下：

1型糖尿病是一种自身免疫性疾病，导致胰岛素缺乏，最终导致胰岛β细胞功能丧失，需要终身胰岛素治疗。自从100多年前发现胰岛素以来，治疗方法的巨大进步改善了许多1型糖尿病患者的护理。正在进行的关于1型糖尿病的遗传学和免疫学的研究，以及关于改变病程和保护β细胞功能的干预措施的研究，扩大了我们对这种情况的广泛了解。1型糖尿病的生物标志物在发展为显性疾病之前数月至数年可被检测到，并且现在已认识到糖尿病的三个阶段。连续血糖监测和较新的自动胰岛素输送系统的出现改变了1型糖尿病管理的前景，并与改善糖化血红蛋白和减少低血糖有关。钠葡萄糖协同转运蛋白-1抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1受体激动剂等辅助治疗可能在未来的治疗中得到应用。尽管在该领域取得了这些快速进展，但生活在世界上资源不足地区的人们仍在努力获得诸如胰岛素、注射器和血糖监测等必需品，这些必需品对于管理这种状况至关重要。这篇综述涵盖了1型糖尿病诊断和治疗的最新进展以及未来的发展方向。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition resulting in insulin deficiency and eventual loss of pancreatic β cell function requiring lifelong insulin therapy. Since the discovery of insulin more than 100 years ago, vast advances in treatments have improved care for many people with type 1 diabetes. Ongoing research on the genetics and immunology of type 1 diabetes and on interventions to modify disease course and preserve β cell function have expanded our broad understanding of this condition. Biomarkers of type 1 diabetes are detectable months to years before development of overt disease, and three stages of diabetes are now recognized. The advent of continuous glucose monitoring and the newer automated insulin delivery systems have changed the landscape of type 1 diabetes management and are associated with improved glycated hemoglobin and decreased hypoglycemia. Adjunctive therapies such as sodium glucose cotransporter-1 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists may find use in management in the future. Despite these rapid advances in the field, people living in under-resourced parts of the world struggle to obtain necessities such as insulin, syringes, and blood glucose monitoring essential for managing this condition. This review covers recent developments in diagnosis and treatment and future directions in the broad field of type 1 diabetes.

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