本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Nat Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02766-x

摘要内容如下：

在许多医学学科的大多数医疗保健系统中，治疗机会的不平等是一个紧迫的问题。在精神卫生保健方面，少数族裔获得治疗的机会减少是普遍现象，但补救措施却很少。在这里，我们证明了数字工具可以通过解决几个关键障碍来缩小可及性差距。在英国国家医疗服务系统（NHS）服务的129，400名患者的多点观察研究中，我们评估了个性化人工智能自我推荐聊天机器人对患者转诊量和种族、性别和性取向多样性的影响。我们发现，使用此数字解决方案的服务显著增加了转介（增加15%，而控制服务增加6%）。重要的是，这一增长在少数群体中尤为明显，如非二元（179%的增长）和少数族裔（29%的增长）。使用自然语言处理来分析来自42，332个人的定性反馈，我们发现，聊天机器人的人类自由性质和患者对治疗需求的自我认识是观察到的访问多样性改善的潜在驱动因素。这提供了强有力的证据，表明数字工具可能有助于克服心理保健中普遍存在的不平等。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Inequality in treatment access is a pressing issue in most healthcare systems across many medical disciplines. In mental healthcare, reduced treatment access for minorities is ubiquitous but remedies are sparse. Here we demonstrate that digital tools can reduce the accessibility gap by addressing several key barriers. In a multisite observational study of 129,400 patients within England's NHS services, we evaluated the impact of a personalized artificial intelligence-enabled self-referral chatbot on patient referral volume and diversity in ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation. We found that services that used this digital solution identified substantially increased referrals (15% increase versus 6% increase in control services). Critically, this increase was particularly pronounced in minorities, such as nonbinary (179% increase) and ethnic minority individuals (29% increase). Using natural language processing to analyze qualitative feedback from 42,332 individuals, we found that the chatbot's human-free nature and the patients' self-realization of their need for treatment were potential drivers for the observed improvement in the diversity of access. This provides strong evidence that digital tools may help overcome the pervasive inequality in mental healthcare.

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