本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：JAMA

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.26857

摘要内容如下：

重要性

据估计，美国有7.6%的儿童和10.8%的成人患有IgE介导的食物蛋白过敏。IgE介导的食物过敏可能导致过敏反应和死亡。在美国，对哺乳动物肉中的食物-碳水化合物半乳糖-α-1，3-半乳糖（α-Gal）的迟发性、IgE介导的过敏反应估计影响96000至450000人，目前是成人食物相关过敏反应的主要原因。

观察

在美国，9种食物占IgE介导的食物过敏的90%以上——甲壳类贝类、乳制品、花生、坚果、鳍鱼、鸡蛋、小麦、大豆和芝麻。在美国，花生是致命性和接近致命性过敏反应的主要食物相关原因，其次是坚果和贝类。在美国，由食物引起的过敏反应的致死率估计为每年百万分之0.04。α-半乳糖综合征与蜱叮咬有关，是IgE介导的食物过敏反应的一个上升原因。在美国东南部，对α-半乳糖致敏的血清阳性率为20%至31%。自我注射肾上腺素是食物相关过敏反应的一线治疗。IgE-食物过敏管理的基石是避免罪魁祸首食物过敏原。有一些新兴的免疫疗法可以对一种或多种食物脱敏，目前有一种美国食品和药物管理局批准的口服免疫疗法产品用于治疗花生过敏。

结论和相关性

IgE介导的食物过敏，包括α-半乳糖综合征中IgE介导的对红肉的迟发性过敏反应，在美国很常见，可能导致过敏反应和罕见的死亡。IgE介导的食物过敏反应需要立即注射肾上腺素治疗。食物蛋白过敏和α-半乳糖综合征的管理都需要避免致敏食物，而α-半乳糖综合征也需要避免蜱虫叮咬。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Importance  An estimated 7.6% of children and 10.8% of adults have IgE-mediated food-protein allergies in the US. IgE-mediated food allergies may cause anaphylaxis and death. A delayed, IgE-mediated allergic response to the food-carbohydrate galactose-α-1,3-galactose (alpha-gal) in mammalian meat affects an estimated 96 000 to 450 000 individuals in the US and is currently a leading cause of food-related anaphylaxis in adults.

Observations  In the US, 9 foods account for more than 90% of IgE-mediated food allergies-crustacean shellfish, dairy, peanut, tree nuts, fin fish, egg, wheat, soy, and sesame. Peanut is the leading food-related cause of fatal and near-fatal anaphylaxis in the US, followed by tree nuts and shellfish. The fatality rate from anaphylaxis due to food in the US is estimated to be 0.04 per million per year. Alpha-gal syndrome, which is associated with tick bites, is a rising cause of IgE-mediated food anaphylaxis. The seroprevalence of sensitization to alpha-gal ranges from 20% to 31% in the southeastern US. Self-injectable epinephrine is the first-line treatment for food-related anaphylaxis. The cornerstone of IgE-food allergy management is avoidance of the culprit food allergen. There are emerging immunotherapies to desensitize to one or more foods, with one current US Food and Drug Administration-approved oral immunotherapy product for treatment of peanut allergy.

Conclusions and Relevance  IgE-mediated food allergies, including delayed IgE-mediated allergic responses to red meat in alpha-gal syndrome, are common in the US, and may cause anaphylaxis and rarely, death. IgE-mediated anaphylaxis to food requires prompt treatment with epinephrine injection. Both food-protein allergy and alpha-gal syndrome management require avoiding allergenic foods, whereas alpha-gal syndrome also requires avoiding tick bites.

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