本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：JAMA

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.5534

摘要内容如下：

重要性

在所有美国女性中，乳腺癌是第二大常见癌症，也是第二大常见癌症死亡原因。2023年，估计有43170名女性死于乳腺癌。非西班牙裔白人妇女乳腺癌发病率最高，非西班牙裔黑人妇女死亡率最高。

目的

USPSTF委托进行了一项系统综述，以评估不同的基于乳房X线摄影的乳腺癌筛查策略的比较有效性，包括开始和停止筛查的年龄、筛查间隔、模式、补充成像的使用或乳腺癌筛查的个性化对晚期乳腺癌的发病率和进展、乳腺癌发病率和乳腺癌特异性或全因死亡率的影响，以及协作建模研究，以补充综述中的证据。

人口

顺性别者妇女和所有其他40岁或40岁以上出生时被指定为女性的人患乳腺癌的平均风险。

证据评估

USPSTF得出的结论是，40至74岁的女性每两年进行一次乳房X光筛查具有适度的净效益。USPSTF的结论是，证据不足以确定在75岁或以上女性中进行乳房X光筛查的利弊平衡，以及在不考虑乳腺密度的情况下，使用乳腺超声或磁共振成像（MRI）进行乳腺癌补充筛查的利弊平衡。

推荐

USPSTF建议40至74岁的女性每两年进行一次乳房X光筛查。（B）USPSTF的结论是，目前的证据不足以评估对75岁及以上妇女进行乳房X光筛查的利弊。（I声明）USPSTF的结论是，目前的证据不足以评估使用乳腺超声检查或MRI对乳房X光筛查阴性的致密型乳房妇女进行乳腺癌补充筛查的利弊。（一）声明。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Importance  Among all US women, breast cancer is the second most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer death. In 2023, an estimated 43 170 women died of breast cancer. Non-Hispanic White women have the highest incidence of breast cancer and non-Hispanic Black women have the highest mortality rate.

Objective  The USPSTF commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different mammography-based breast cancer screening strategies by age to start and stop screening, screening interval, modality, use of supplemental imaging, or personalization of screening for breast cancer on the incidence of and progression to advanced breast cancer, breast cancer morbidity, and breast cancer-specific or all-cause mortality, and collaborative modeling studies to complement the evidence from the review.

Population  Cisgender women and all other persons assigned female at birth aged 40 years or older at average risk of breast cancer.

Evidence Assessment  The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that biennial screening mammography in women aged 40 to 74 years has a moderate net benefit. The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is insufficient to determine the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older and the balance of benefits and harms of supplemental screening for breast cancer with breast ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), regardless of breast density.

Recommendation  The USPSTF recommends biennial screening mammography for women aged 40 to 74 years. (B recommendation) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening mammography in women 75 years or older. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of supplemental screening for breast cancer using breast ultrasonography or MRI in women identified to have dense breasts on an otherwise negative screening mammogram. (I statement).

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