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期刊来源：BMJ

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-074962

摘要内容如下：

食道癌是全球第七大常见恶性肿瘤，每年新诊断病例超过47万例。两种不同的组织学亚型占主导地位，应被视为生物学上独立的疾病实体。1这些亚型是食管腺癌（EAC）和食管鳞状细胞癌（ESCC）。不管是哪种亚型，预后仍然很差，大多数患者表现为晚期疾病。2改善早期病变、鳞状上皮异常增生和巴雷特食管的早期检测的新策略提供了改善预后的可能性。有限数量的生物制剂以及免疫检查点抑制剂的引入，正在改善局部晚期和转移性食管癌的全身治疗。这些发展，加上微创手术和内窥镜治疗方法的改进，以及自适应和精确放射治疗技术，提供了进一步改善结果的潜力。本文综述了食管癌诊断和治疗的最新进展，以及对该疾病生物学的认识进展。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Esophageal cancer is the seventh most common malignancy worldwide, with over 470 000 new cases diagnosed each year. Two distinct histological subtypes predominate, and should be considered biologically separate disease entities.1 These subtypes are esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Outcomes remain poor regardless of subtype, with most patients presenting with late stage disease.2 Novel strategies to improve early detection of the respective precursor lesions, squamous dysplasia, and Barrett's esophagus offer the potential to improve outcomes. The introduction of a limited number of biologic agents, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors, is resulting in improvements in the systemic treatment of locally advanced and metastatic esophageal cancer. These developments, coupled with improvements in minimally invasive surgical and endoscopic treatment approaches, as well as adaptive and precision radiotherapy technologies, offer the potential to improve outcomes still further. This review summarizes the latest advances in the diagnosis and management of esophageal cancer, and the developments in understanding of the biology of this disease.

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