本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Lancet

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00156-9

摘要内容如下：

世卫组织已七次确定为国际关注的突发公共卫生事件（PHEIC），并在此命名之外宣布COVID-19为大流行。根据《国际卫生条例》（IHR），并通过其在联合外部评估（JEE）中的运作，敦促各国政府制定适当的立法，以便能够制定应对突发公共卫生事件的措施。然而，在鼓励各国政府采取行动方面，宣布大流行是否比宣布“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”具有更大的影响，这仍然是一种猜测，因为没有系统地分析每个术语在实践中的含义，以及这两个术语在国家一级是否具有有意义的法律影响。我们开展了一项法律范围界定审查，以评估28个世卫组织成员国在国家立法中使用国际关注的突发公共卫生事件和大流行语言的情况。数据收集自国家网站、JEE评论、COVID分析和政策绘图工具、NATLEX和牛津国家法律应对COVID-19简编。我们发现，只有16%的国家在国家立法中提及“国际关注的突发公共卫生事件”，37.5%的国家提及“大流行”一词。这一发现削弱了IHR和PHEIC的机制。将这些法律术语写入立法，可能会加强世卫组织确定国际关注的突发公共卫生事件或宣布大流行与随后采取行动之间的互动，以减少疾病的跨国传播并加强卫生安全。鉴于世卫组织正在就修订《国际卫生条例》和制定大流行协议进行谈判，这两项工作都涉及国际关注的突发公共卫生事件的宣示性权力和大流行语言，谈判者应了解在国家一级对这些宣言进行任何修改可能产生的影响以及对全球卫生安全的影响。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

WHO has determined a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) seven times, and beyond this nomenclature declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic. Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), and through their operationalisation in the joint external evaluation (JEE), governments are urged to create suitable legislation to be able to enact a response to a public health emergency. Whether the pandemic declaration had a greater effect than a PHEIC in encouraging goverments to act, however, remains conjecture, as there is no systemic analysis of what each term means in practice and whether either has meaningful legal implications at the national level. We undertook a legal scoping review to assess the utilisation of PHEIC and pandemic language within national legislation in 28 WHO member states. Data were collected from national websites, JEE reviews, COVID Analysis and Mapping of Policies Tool, Natlex, and Oxford Compendium of National Legal Responses to COVID-19. We found that only 16% of countries have any reference to the PHEIC in national legislation and 37·5% of countries reference the term pandemic. This finding paints a weakened picture of the IHR and PHEIC mechanisms. Having such legalese enshrined in legislation might enhance the interaction between WHO determining a PHEIC or declaring a pandemic and resulting action to mitigate transnational spread of disease and enhance health security. Given the ongoing negotiations at WHO in relation to the amendments to the IHR and creation of the pandemic accord, both of which deal with this declaratory power of the PHEIC and pandemic language, negotiators should understand the possible implications of any changes to these proclamations at the national level and for global health security.

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