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期刊来源：BMJ

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-077076

摘要内容如下：

客观

评估幼儿接种流感疫苗的最佳时机。

设计

基于人群的队列研究。

设置

美国。

参与者

在2011-18年期间接种流感疫苗的2-5岁商业保险儿童。

主要结果测量

按出生月份分列的接种流感疫苗儿童的流感诊断率。

结果

总共有819223名2-5岁儿童接种了流感疫苗。在11月和12月接种疫苗的儿童被诊断为流感的可能性最小，这一发现可能会被影响疫苗接种时间和流感风险的未测量因素所混淆。疫苗接种通常发生在预防保健访问的日子和出生月份。10月出生的儿童不成比例地在10月接种疫苗，平均接种时间晚于8月出生的儿童，早于12月出生的儿童。10月份出生的儿童流感诊断率最低（例如，2.7%（6016/224540），8月份出生的儿童流感诊断率为3.0%（6462/212622）；调整后的比值比为0.88，95%置信区间为0.85至0.92）。

结论

在一项对接种流感疫苗的幼儿进行的准实验分析中，出生月份通过其对预防保健就诊时间的影响而与接种疫苗的时间相关。10月出生的儿童最有可能在10月接种疫苗，最不可能被诊断为流感，这与提倡10月接种疫苗的建议一致。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

OBJECTIVE  To assess optimal timing of influenza vaccination in young children.

DESIGN  Population based cohort study.

SETTING  United States.

PARTICIPANTS  Commercially insured children aged 2-5 years who were vaccinated against influenza during 2011-18.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE  Rates of diagnosis of influenza among children who were vaccinated against influenza, by birth month.

RESULTS  Overall, 819 223 children aged 2-5 received influenza vaccination. Children vaccinated in November and December were least likely to have a diagnosis of influenza, a finding that may be confounded by unmeasured factors that influence the timing of vaccination and risk of influenza. Vaccination commonly occurred on days of preventive care visits and during birth months. Children born in October were disproportionately vaccinated in October and were, on average, vaccinated later than children born in August and earlier than those born in December. Children born in October had the lowest rate of influenza diagnosis (for example, 2.7% (6016/224 540) versus 3.0% (6462/212 622) for those born in August; adjusted odds ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.92).

CONCLUSIONS  In a quasi-experimental analysis of young children vaccinated against influenza, birth month was associated with the timing of vaccination through its influence on the timing of preventive care visits. Children born in October were most likely to be vaccinated in October and least likely to have a diagnosis of influenza, consistent with recommendations promoting October vaccination.

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