本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Nat Med

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-024-02880-4

摘要内容如下：

由于生理因素和合并症，老年人群易患与热相关的死亡率。然而，对老龄化人口中个体脆弱性的理解是不完整的。在中国纵向健康长寿调查中，我们评估了13，527名参与者（中位年龄=89岁）的每日热浪暴露情况，以及2008年至2018年随访期间的3，249名夏季死亡率。根据相对温度，热浪日的死亡风险大约增加了一倍（风险比（HR）范围=1.78-1.98）。我们发现，行动能力下降（HR范围=2.32-3.20）、日常生活活动依赖（HR范围=2.22-3.27）、认知障碍（HR=2.22）和困难时无人求助所反映的社会隔离（HR范围=2.14-10.21）的个体的热浪死亡风险增加。与目前的理解相反，在考虑到个体功能衰退后，年龄较大并不能预测热浪死亡风险。性别差异无统计学意义。除了年龄作为一个风险因素，我们的研究结果还强调，功能性衰老是增强热浪适应能力的一个潜在因素。评估功能衰退和实施护理策略对于有针对性地预防热浪期间的死亡至关重要。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Aging populations are susceptible to heat-related mortality because of physiological factors and comorbidities. However, the understanding of individual vulnerabilities in the aging population is incomplete. In the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we assessed daily heatwave exposure individually for 13,527 participants (median age = 89 years) and 3,249 summer mortalities during follow-up from 2008 to 2018. The mortality risk during heatwave days according to relative temperature is approximately doubled (hazard ratio (HR) range = 1.78-1.98). We found that heatwave mortality risks were increased for individuals with functional declines in mobility (HR range = 2.32-3.20), dependency in activities of daily living (HR range = 2.22-3.27), cognitive impairment (HR = 2.22) and social isolation reflected by having nobody to ask for help during difficulties (HR range = 2.14-10.21). Contrary to current understanding, older age was not predictive of heatwave mortality risk after accounting for individual functional declines; no statistical differences were detected according to sex. Beyond age as a risk factor, our findings emphasize that functional aging is an underlying factor in enhancing heatwave resilience. Assessment of functional decline and implementing care strategies are crucial for targeted prevention of mortality during heatwaves.

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