本文由小咖机器人翻译整理

期刊来源：Lancet

原文链接：https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(23)02037-8

摘要内容如下：

自1972年发现诺如病毒（Norovirus）引起急性传染性非细菌性胃肠炎（Acute Infectious Non-bacterial Gastroenteritis）以来，对病毒性胃肠炎的科学认识不断发展。现在人们认识到，在世界范围内，在高收入和低收入环境中，少数病毒是急性胃肠炎的主要原因。尽管治疗仍主要限于补充液体和电解质，但诊断方法的改进已使疾病归因成为可能，既能对个体患者进行有针对性的治疗，又能对全球人群的干预措施进行优先排序。关于宿主易感性的特定遗传和免疫因素，以及易患严重或长期疾病表现的患者的最佳临床管理问题仍然存在。同时，轮状病毒疫苗在世界范围内的应用导致了发病率和死亡率的大幅下降，并激发了人们对疫苗开发的兴趣，以减少与该综合征有关的最流行病毒的影响。

英文原文如下：

Abstracts

Since the discovery of norovirus in 1972 as a cause of what was contemporarily known as acute infectious non-bacterial gastroenteritis, scientific understanding of the viral gastroenteritides has continued to evolve. It is now recognised that a small number of viruses are the predominant cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide, in both high-income and low-income settings. Although treatment is still largely restricted to the replacement of fluid and electrolytes, improved diagnostics have allowed attribution of illness, enabling both targeted treatment of individual patients and prioritisation of interventions for populations worldwide. Questions remain regarding specific genetic and immunological factors underlying host susceptibility, and the optimal clinical management of patients who are susceptible to severe or prolonged manifestations of disease. Meanwhile, the worldwide implementation of rotavirus vaccines has led to substantial reductions in morbidity and mortality, and spurred interest in vaccine development to diminish the impact of the most prevalent viruses that are implicated in this syndrome.

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